The role of phosphorus is for the formation of bones and teeth, storage and energy expenditure (change between ATP to ADP). DNA and RNA consist of phosphorus in the form of phosphate as well as the cell membrane that helps maintain cell permeability.
In foodstuffs, phosphors contained in a variety of organic and inorganic materials. Enzymes in the digestive tract of liberating inorganic phosphorus bonds with organic matter. Most of the phosphorus absorbed by the body in its inorganic form, especially at the top of the duodenum which is 70% less alkaline digested to be absorbed.
In general, the amount of phosphorus that is recommended to be consumed as much as 0.7 g per adult per day, roughly equal to the calcium.
The main source of phosphorus which is a food with high protein content such as meat, poultry, fish, and eggs. Grains, especially the institution and whole grains (broken skin) also contains a lot of phosphorus. Food rich in protein and rich in calcium usually also phosphorus.
Phosphorus is the second most common mineral in the body, which is 1% of body weight. Less than 85% phosphorus in the body there is a salt of calcium phosphate, which is part of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone and teeth that can not be dissolved. Hydroxyapatite gives strength and rigidity to the bone. Phosphorus in the bones are in a 1:2 ratio with calcium. Remaining phosphorus contained in all cells of the body, half in the muscles and in the extracellular fluid. Phosphorus is part of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA are present in each cell nucleus and cytoplasm of every living cell. As phospholipids, phosphorus is a structural component of the cell wall. As organic phosphates, phosphorus plays an important role in the reactions associated with the storage or release of energy in the form of adenine triphosphate (ATP).
Phosphorus Absorption and Metabolism
Phosphorus can be absorbed efficiently as free phosphorus in the gut after hydrolyzed and removed from the food. Babies may absorb 85-90% of phosphorus derived from breast milk / milk. As many as 65-70% of phosphorus derived from cow's milk and 50-70% phosphorus derived from composition of normal foods can be absorbed by children and adults. When a low phosphorus intake, absorption level can reach 90% of the phosphorus consumption.
Phosphorus as part of the phosphoric acid which is mainly found in cereals can not be hydrolyzed, therefore can be absorbed. Other dietary factors that prevent absorption of phosphorus is Fe + +, Mg + +, unsaturated fatty acids and antacids containing aluminum, as it forms a water-insoluble salt.
Phosphorus functions
Phosphorus has many functions in the body:
1. Classification of bones and teeth. Classification of bones and teeth begins with the deposition of phosphorus in the bone matrix. Phosphorus deficiency causes an increase in phosphatase enzymes needed to remove phosphorus from the blood into the tissues of the body in order to obtain the calcium to phosphorus ratio appropriate for bone growth.
2. Arrange for the transfer of energy. Phosphorus through the process phosphorylation activates various enzymes and vitamin B in the transfer of energy and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. When a phosphate group is added to ADP (adenine diphosphate) then formed ATP (adenine triphosphate), which stores energy in the bond. When energy is needed, ATP is converted back to ADP. Binding energy phosphate on ADP released for the purposes of the various reactions in the body.
3. Absorption and transportation of nutrients. In the form of phosphates, phosphorus acts as a means of conveyance to carry nutrients across the cell membrane or the bloodstream. This process is called phosphorylation and occur in absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, the release of nutrients from the bloodstream into the intercellular fluids and their transfer into the cell. Fats are not soluble in water, is transported in the blood in the form of phospholipids. Phospholipid is a phosphate bond with molecules of fat, so fat becomes more soluble. Released from glycogen stores in the liver or muscles in the blood is bound to phosphorus.
Ties essential part of the body. Vitamins and certain enzymes can only function when phosphorylated in advance, for example, enzymes that contain vitamin B1 thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Phosphate is an essential part of DNA and RNA, gene carrier code / descent contained in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm of all living cells. DNA and RNA are needed for cell reproduction.
Acid-base balance settings. Phosphate plays an important role as a buffer to prevent changes in the acidity of body fluids. This occurs because the additional capability of hydrogen ions bind phosphorus.
Suggested Phosphorus Intake
Adequacy of the average daily phosphorus for Indonesia are set as follows (Widya Karya Food and Nutrition LIPI 1993):
Babies: 200-250 mg
Children: 250-400 mg
Adolescents and adults: 400-500 mg
Pregnant and lactating mothers: +200- +300 mg
Sources of Phosphorus
Because phosphorus present in all living cells, phosphorus contained in all foods, especially foods rich in protein, such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, milk and the results, and the results are nuts, and Cereal.
Due to excess phosphorus
Excess phosphorus because the food is rare. If levels are too high blood phosphorus, phosphate will bind calcium ions which can cause seizures.
Phosphorus Deficiency
Because phosphorus is widely available in foods, deficiency is rare. Phosphorus deficiency can occur when using drugs antacids to neutralize stomach acid, such as aluminum hydroxide for the long term. Aluminum hydroxide bind phosphorus, so it can not be absorbed. Phosphorus deficiency can also occur in people who lose a lot of fluid through the urine. Phosphorus deficiency causes bone damage. Premature babies can also suffer from phosphorus deficiency because of rapid bone formation so that the phosphorus requirement can not be met by breast milk.
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